HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT SCHOOL FOR YOUR CHILD
by Melanie Tappin of The Helpful Company
YOUR GUIDE TO GENEVA’S INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS – 2020
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Are you agonising over which school in Geneva to choose for your child?
Overwhelmed by the wide choice of international schools – often a popular choice for expats – as they all seem to offer excellent education?
To make your decision easier, Melanie Tappin, owner of boutique relocation agency: the Helpful Company, is on hand to help you navigate your way through the minefield of choices to find the school that suits your family’s needs.
Here is her fact file of programmes and services offered by all the international schools offering schooling from kindergarten all the way through to the end of high school.
INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE LANCY (IIL)
An international Catholic school – open to all faiths and cultures.
Location:
24, Avenue Eugène-Lance,
1212 Grand-Lancy
Geneva
Number of students:
1,440
Number of nationalities:
90
Programmes taught:
IIL Start (for 3 to 6 year olds) offers 3 paths: English, French or bilingual. Read our article about START here.
English section
Classes follow the Early Years Foundation Stage programme (EYFS). It is based on the UK national curriculum, but true to the school’s bilingual values, French is used to teach specialist subjects with bilingual library sessions.
French section
This section works in the same way as the English section with emphasis placed on teaching a second language, in this case English.
Its principles are based on the French national education programme.
Bilingual section
New to the school is the bilingual section enabling students to benefit from a dedicated syllabus merging principles from both the UK and French National curricula.
- French and English mother-tongue teachers work in tandem in each class
Primary school
The three paths English, French and bilingual continue at Primary level. Just like in Start, they adhere to their respective national curricula, with a combined syllabus in the bilingual section.
Both streams adhere to the English and French national curricula respectively. It is merely a question of choosing the best fit for your child.
Secondary school
At this point, you need to make a call, and decide whether your children wish to study in the English or French section as the bilingual programme stops here.
Anglophone route
IGSCEs by the Cambridge International Examinations Board (CIE) followed by the IBDP (international baccalaureate Diploma Programme) are on offer.
Francophone route
In line with the French programme, the Diplôme National du Brevet examination is taken after which students work towards obtaining the French Baccalaureate.
Language focus:
Naturally, in the English section the syllabus is taught in English but it’s worth noting that French as well as Spanish can be learned to a fluent level. In addition, Italian can be added and learned from scratch during the IB programme. At the start of Year 6, all students in the francophone stream are required to learn two foreign languages, namely English and German. However, students can opt to study Spanish instead of German from Year 8.
Facilities
There are 3 school canteens, a fully-equipped sports hall with changing rooms, a climbing wall, a chapel, science laboratories, two multi-purpose rooms, an audi-visual studio, libraries and an auditorium. But the pièce de la résistance is the impressive STEAM lab (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) with a 3D printer, sewing machines, engraving machines and tools of all sorts to encourage creativity and tables with an adjustable height to cater for all ages and projects.
Price range:
Yearly fees (2022-2022) from CHF 15,400 CHF to CHF 27,800 depending on the section (French or English)
Focus and particularities:
Open space is the key word in this school, particularly for the older students, where you feel like you’re in the headquarters of Google! There are igloos for brainstorming or working alone quietly. Outside classrooms, there is further seating where students can work, breaking up the monotony of being in class.
Forget standard school chairs. To enable children to move across the floor into groups, wheeled chairs allow them to whizz across the floor. The chairs are equipped with tables, including tables for left-handed pupils.
The school is passionate about STEAM, so children of all ages can pop in to use the facilities at lunchtime to develop their projects at no extra cost and under the guidance of a teacher.
Extra-curriculum activities:
IIL offers an extensive list of activities ranging from sports to music and art and craft to language. Highlights include: Flamenco sessions by a professional dancer and choreographer, chess lessons by an international champion, sophrology, ballet, stress management, Italian radio workshop and robotics and coding.
IIL has recently started a holiday activities camp for most holidays called Campzone.
Famous alumni:
Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg
How to get there:
If you’re travelling by car, there are blue zone parking spaces outside the school where you can drop off and collect your children.
For those choosing the school bus, you can take advantage of the 24 routes available covering the Canton of Geneva, Vaud and neighbouring France.
Bus and trams stops are also an option with a selection of stops nearby.
The new underground system means that students aren’t far from the Pont Rouge station either.
Website address:
GES (Geneva English School)
An international English school.
Location:
Primary
Route de Malagny 36,
1294 Genthod
Geneva
Secondary
Route de Suisse 160,
1290 Versoix,
Geneva
Number of students:
330
Number of nationalities:
45
Programme taught:
Infants school
Children start at 3 years and can choose between doing mornings or all day. As of next year, an afternoon option will also be available.
The syllabus is based on the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) with a strong emphasis on integration of the French language. French vocabulary is discovered through play and activities.
All children in nursery see specialist teachers for Art, Sport and French as part of the EYFS curriculum.
Primary School
The English National Curriculum is followed but French is considered a core subject.
Specialist teachers are a core addition to the class teachers and teach the following subjects: Art, PE & Sport, Computing, Music, Drama/dance as well as French.
Form teachers who have particular expertise and act as Heads of departments, such as in science, spend time with other classes in order to share their knowledge.
Secondary School
This section of the school is only 4 years old and is growing year-on-year with the addition of another year group.
Pupils aged from 11 to 15 study a variety of core subjects before choosing their GCSE options. Once again French is compulsory until 16 years old.
Both iGSCEs and GCSEs are available. The latter is an option due to there only being an hour’s time difference between Geneva and the UK so exams can be sat at the same time.
Starting from September 2021, the school will be offering ‘A’ levels, currently the de facto option in UK schools for gaining entrance to universities, but a passport to universities globally.
Language focus:
English is the main language with a strong focus on ensuring that students have a good level of French. Either Spanish and German are studied in the secondary school as a third language.
Facilities:
The spacious playing fields at the primary school allow the children to appreciate the outdoors with magnificent views of the lake and mountains. Part of the school is housed in an elegant, listed, historic building with an indoor gym to be found in one of the more modern constructions.
The secondary school is located in a modern building with an art room, dance hall with stage, science laboratory and spacious open spaces for a library and cosy seating areas. An expansion of the campus is scheduled to be completed for September 2020.
Price range*:
From CHF 19,330 to CHF 30,445
Focus and particularities:
The school’s core value is ‘community with a sense of belonging’. Due to its size, the school is able to be flexible with what it offers and naturally everyone gets to know everybody.
The main heart of the secondary school is an open space which serves as a canteen / meeting area where the teachers work when they aren’t giving classes. This means that they can be approached by students at any time if they have questions, outside of the classroom.
In order to remind the children of where they are living, Swiss and French festivities are celebrated, creating a greater understanding of the local culture.
Extra-curriculum activities:
Most activities offered are free and take place at lunchtime or after school.
There are approximately 60 activities in the junior and around 20 in the secondary school. They range from drama to a francophone cookery club and from rugby to netball. There’s even scenery and prop making classes, a rock band and a French journalism club.
Each class also has a parent representative.
How to get there:
Although the two schools are not on the same site, they are merely a 7 minute drive away from each other.
- The primary school can be easily accessed by bus or car and there’s a school car park for dropping off and picking up.
- For the secondary school there are a few options. If you fancy taking the bus, there are regular services from central Geneva and Nyon. Alternatively you can catch the train to Pont Céard and walk the short distance. The school also offers a drop off area in the car park underneath the school.
Website address:
FLORIMONT
A francophone bilingual catholic school open to all faiths.
Location:
Avenue du Petit-Lancy 37,
1213 Petit-Lancy
Geneva
Number of students:
1,500
Number of nationalities:
65
Programmes taught:
Infant school
Children can start from the age of 3 and come for the whole day.
The programme is in French with 2 periods a week in English and 4 starting from September 2020. The aim is to encourage each child to develop through learning to read and write, in addition to a creative and musical focus whilst ensuring that each child feels confident in what they do.
Primary section
French stream
- based on a mixture of both the French and Swiss education programme, from year 2, children have 4 periods of English a week and are placed in groups according to their level.
Starting from September 2020 a bilingual programme is to be introduced which will consist of the the following:
Bilingual preparation programme
- In years 1 and 2, 80% of the classes will be given in French and 20% in English.
- In addition to 6 periods of English language classes.
- Bilingual or francophone options
- In years 8, 9 and 10 there will be two branches available; the francophone and bilingual programme.
- The francophone programme will still incorporate 20% of classes taught in English as well as the standard 6 hours of English.
- The bilingual stream will offer a programme based on a 60% / 40% French / English ratio.
Middle School
The school offers a francophone and a bilingual branch. On the whole, the syllabus remains the same for the two, based on the French and Swiss education programme, except in certain cases such as history where more international themes can be studied to reflect the nature of the bilingual approach.
High School
In high school Florimont offers students the opportunity to choose between:-
- IB (bilingual version included)
- all subjects are available in both English and French except for maths that is only taught in French.
- French baccalaureate
- Swiss maturity (Cantonal version).
- the bilingual option is also on offer.
It is worth pointing out that in Switzerland you can take either the Cantonal or Federal Swiss maturity. It all depends on which one is offered by the school. Until recently, private schools could only offer the Federal one. Both are highly respected and neither one is better than the other. The main difference is that the Federal exams are taken after the summer holidays with the final exam counting for 100% of the grade whereas the Cantonal ones are taken in June with only 20% of the grade based on the final exam.
The FLE programme (teaching French as a foreign language) is offered to assist students who require extra help in improving their level of French.
Language focus:
Apart from the strong focus on English, German is taught from year 3 and can be learnt right up until 18 years of age. What’s more, if you’re a real polyglot like most of the Swiss, you can pick Chinese in year 6, Spanish in year 8 and if you opt for the Swiss maturity, Italian in year 9.
Facilities:
Facilities include a stadium with three sport fields and sprint track, an indoor sports centre and a dedicated space for fencing, science laboratories, a chapel, music rooms, dance hall with stage, computer room, art rooms, library and security system in place where gates are guarded and only open at drop off and collection time.
STEAM appears to be the buzz word at the moment and Florimont will be opening its dedicated centre in September 2020 followed by the inauguration of its auditorium holding an audience of up to 500 and its multi-media room.
Price range*:
From 16,350 CHF to 26,700 CHF
Focus and particularities:
With French-speaking roots, the school also has a strong bilingual programme in place combining both a local and international vision.
Its philosophy is strongly based on the importance of respect for oneself, others and manners within a family environment.
This is the only school in Geneva to offer all 3 diplomas that includes the Cantonal version of the Swiss maturity.
A dedicated team assist students in preparing their dossiers and guiding them in the process of applying for universities and their future career path.
A Junior Entrepreneur programme is in place, allowing students to discover different business roles working in collaboration with businesses and NGOs.
Extra-curriculum activities:
There is a large range of activities available for all ages, some free and some at a cost which run at lunchtimes and after school. Here is a list of a fews of the options to give you an idea of what’s on offer:- Kung-fu, piano, climbing, cookery classes, computer programming, yoga, theatre, Japanese, robotics, and fencing. In fact fencing is a big deal at Florimont with there being 3 maîtres d’armes (fencing specialists) teaching in a state of the art fencing room.
In summer the school has its own summer camp called Flo-vacances which is open specially for its students (from 3 to 10), enabling them to catch up with each other over the summer.
Famous alumni:
Ernesto Bertarelli, John Dupraz, Christophe Lambert, Benjamin de Rothschild, Julien Wanders
How to get there:
- Bus and trams stops are a short walking distance away.
- For the primary school, parents can benefit from a free flowing drop off and collection system, whereby they can drive into the school in the mornings and have access by car to the playground for a short time at the end of the day. The whole process is overseen and managed by a team employed by the school.
- For those in the secondary school, parents can benefit from the car park across the road from the school by the sports ground, as well as many blue zone parking spots in the surrounding area.
- There is a school bus service with 20 routes serving the Geneva canton, Vaud and neighbouring France.
- A short bus or tram hop away links you to the Pont Rouge station of the newly opened CEVA (underground service).
Website address:
COLLÈGE DU LÉMAN
An international – school part of the Nord Anglia network.
Location:
Route de Sauverny 74,
1290 Versoix
Geneva
Number of students:
Approximately 1,900
Number of nationalities:
Over 100
Programmes taught:
Preschool
Bilingual programme
- Children can start their schooling at the age of 2 in classes of up to 6.
- In the morning the classes are in French, whilst in the afternoon they are in English.
French / English / bilingual options
- For the next 3 years of schooling you can choose for you children to go into the English, French or bilingual class.
Primary School
The same 3 branches of education are offered following the international primary curriculum (IPC) which develops character, confidence and an international mindset.
English and French stream content
- 30% of the classes in the English stream are in French but tend to be in subjects such as sport and art. The reverse applies to the French programme.
For those students who need to improve their English or French to fit into their chosen stream the FLS programme helps them to acquire the correct level so that they can integrate successfully.
Middle School
English and French branches
- At this point, the English and French options are taught purely in the target language except for the language classes.
Bilingual programme
- All subjects are taught in both languages. Naturally, a whole theme is covered in the same language rather than constantly flipping from one language to another.
The syllabus follows the International Middle Years programme (MYP). It aims to develop internationally minded people who can empathise with others and pursue lives of purpose and meaning.
High School
Here’s what’s on offer:-
- High School diploma in English (with AP options)
- iGCSEs
- International Baccalaureate Diploma programme (IBDP) in English
- International Baccalaureate Career-related programme (IBCP) which is more career-focussed.
- Swiss maturité (Federal version)
- French baccalaureate
Language focus:
In addition to the French and English options, Spanish, Italian and German can be learnt from grade 6.
Facilities:
The campus is spread over 8 hectares, with the preschool, primary, middle and high school areas laid out in a way that makes them feel like individual villages whilst being part of a large international community. Each ‘village’ has its own facilities including libraries, music rooms and sports fields.
There is accommodation on site for boarders.
Price range*:
Day students: From CHF 22,700 to CHF 35,900
Boarding: CHF 92,500
Focus and particularities:
Apart from offering an extensive range of diplomas, music plays an important role in the school with all children taught the violin and piano from grades 1 to 5 with the latter being taught for a further two years. The aim goes beyond learning music but to help children to work in a group and perform which in turn can overcome shyness and build on self-esteem.
The school believes in creating an international environment with a strong belief in using the STEAM approach wherever possible to encourage learning in a creative way in collaboration with MIT.
The boarding option allows students to continue their studies at the school even if the parents are required to move during their time there. Students can also transfer to other schools in its worldwide network of schools.
A team of 5 people are on site to advise and help the students with their study plans when they leave school.
Extra-curriculum activities:
Over 100 activities are on offer. The options are tailored towards the age group concerned and include cooking, climbing, art, horse-riding, sailing, photography and robotics. You are given a list of choices in what can best be described as a tome!
Famous alumni:
Daniel Lozakovich – World Class Violinist
Pavan Sukhdev, Indian Environmental Economist, Ex-President of the WWF, Ex-Special Adviser and Head of UNEP’s Green Economy Initiative.
Anna Ovcharova, Swiss, Russian figure skater.
How to get there:
- The personalised school bus run means that students can be collected from and dropped off at their home. There are two departure times at the end of the day leaving at 4pm and 5.30pm.
- Pont-Céard station is a short walk from the school. If you use the Léman Express service run by the CEVA, the journey from Geneva centre takes 35 minutes.
- There are designated parking spaces for dropping off your child in the school’s car park.
Website address:
The following 3 campuses form part of the International school of Geneva and share the same alumni network.
Note: There are differences in what each of them offer!
LA GRANDE BOISSIÈRE CAMPUS (LGB)
A bilingual campus
Location:
62 Route de Chêne,
1208 Geneva
Number of students:
1840
Number of nationalities:
100
Programmes taught:
Early Years
Little ones can start at 3 years of age and can stay until 6pm if necessary.
Progressive bilingual programme
- Parents can choose between classes with English or French as the dominant language supported by language classes in the other language.
Primary School
French and English streams
- Between the ages of 5 and 6, classes are taught 70% in the dominant language and 30% in the other with the shift moving to a 60% to 40% ratio when the children are 7 and 8 years old.
The syllabus is centred on the universal learning programme (ULP) that was devised by La Grande Boissière and the UNESCO’s International Bureau of Education. It aims to develop competences and deep conceptual understanding as well as stimulate and nurture character, passion, mastery and collaboration.
One way in developing the competences is through philosophical workshops held with the children and older members of the community
Middle School
Teaching continues to follow the ULP programme with English and bilingual streams available.
Secondary School
Students have the opportunity to work towards the following:
- the High School diploma
- the IB with a bilingual option available.
- In fact there is a lot of flexibility as almost every subject is available in French or English.
Language focus:
Aside from the compulsory learning of English and French, from year 7, all students are required to study a 3rd language (Spanish or German) as part of their basic curriculum. There are 5-6 levels for languages.
Assemblies and newsletters are bilingual.
Facilities:
A Greek theatre, STEM Centre, sports field, libraries, a climbing wall and an arts centre (www.ecolint-cda.ch) with dance studio, auditorium, music rooms and recording studio can all be found on this campus.
Price range*:
From CHF 20,370 to CHF 35,300
Focus and particularities:
You might be interested to know that the birth place of the famous IB diploma was indeed here.
In 2016 the school opened its STEM Centre in collaboration with EPFL and Durham university. This is a place where students expand their thinking by creating and solving open-ended problems involving robotics, electronics, programming, and design.
Its facilities are used to prepare for the annual fashion show with different themes every year.
Out of the 3 campuses of the International School of Geneva, this is the one that puts the most emphasis on learning both English and French.
There is additional support for those with learning difficulties as well as a team of 4 specialists that advise students on their future career paths.
Extra-curriculum activities:
A multitude of choices are available including sports, cooking, LAMDA acting, as well as ‘Odyssey of the Mind’, an international creative problem-solving programme where children working in groups are challenged to go beyond standard thinking process and bring their ideas to life. They can take part in Swiss and European competitions. But the choice of activities don’t stop here.
How to get there:
- Easy and close connections to bus and tram stops.
- There is a school car park allowing children to be dropped off and picked up.
- The school bus covers the whole of the Geneva canton.
Website address:
LA CHÂTAIGNERAIE CAMPUS
A campus with strong local ties.
Location:
2 Chemin de la Ferme
1297 Founex
Number of students:
1599
Number of nationalities:
90
Programmes taught:
Early Years
Learning focusses on exposing students to both of the school’s languages (English and French) and building a solid base for learning in the primary school.
Primary School
The teaching follows the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme (PYP) based on the ‘unit of enquiry’ structure. This approach to learning sees the child as the chief architect of his or her learning with the teachers acting as the facilitators. Learning is focussed on big, universal concepts to challenge the learner to be an inquirer, part of a research community by asking questions, proposing hypothesis and carrying out research to seek answers with skills applied and transferred to different situations.
During years 1 – 4, a bilingual programme is in place whereby the children will have the option to either be taught 60% in English and 40% in French or vice versa.
Secondary School
As the students progress beyond Primary, the same learner-centric, inquiry-based approach applies, but there begins to be clearer demarcation between distinct academic subjects, with an independent curriculum applied.
From years 7 to 9, students can choose classes in English, French or a bilingual combination of them both following a broad based syllabus.
Anglophone stream options:
- iGCSE or an internal examination (pre-IB)
- IB Diploma
- For those wishing to take the bilingual IB the Extended Essay must be written in French as the subjects studied are only offered in English.
Francophone programme exams:
- Swiss Maturity (Federal version)
- Available in French or alternatively depending on the options taken, the bilingual version can be acquired.
Children who don’t speak English and French get additional support as well as those with learning difficulties.
Language focus:
As of year 7 all students are required to choose a 3rd language (Spanish or German) to complement the English and French which are compulsory.
Facilities:
These consist of assembly halls, computer laboratories, a music studio, a theatre, a multimedia centre, a sports centre, synthetic football pitch, basketball courts. An ecological roof is under construction.
Price range*:
From CHF 20,370 to CHF 35,300
Focus and particularities:
The primary school has its own student government with 7 federal ministers and 10 senators voted in by the students.
The school’s goal is to encourage children at an early age to understand the concepts of ‘voice, choice and ownership’ when learning.
It is the only campus of the International School of Geneva that offers the Swiss maturity (Federal version) highlighting its close links with the local community.
There is a group of specialist educators trained to help children with a full range of learning disabilities.
Extra-curriculum activities:
The options are broken down into 4 categories: music, modern languages, sport and generic. There’s something for everyone from modern jazz to Dutch school, from film making to the debating club. There’s even first aid classes and a goal keeping clinic…
Students run their own online journal ‘The Update’.
How to get there:
- There is a large car park to facilitate dropping off and collecting children.
- Local bus services run close to the school.
- Children can take one of the school buses that services the surrounding area or even one of the shuttle services that goes directly to Coppet station, Founex sports centre, Divonne, Colovrey and Signy.
Website address:
CAMPUS DES NATIONS
An English focussed international campus
Location:
Early Years (3-6)
Route de Pregny 14,
1292 Chambésy
Primary and Secondary
11 Route des Morillons,
1218 Grand-Saconnex
Number of students:
990
Number of nationalities:
122
Programmes taught:
Early Years
From the age of 3 the children start with the Primary Years Programme. In Years 1 and 2 teaching is conducted in English except for the French language classes.
Each class has its own garden plot containing a range of flowers and vegetables with a focus on outdoor learning. The key feature in the curriculum is caring for the environment.
Primary School
From year 3, the children move to the Saconnex site where they continue with the Primary Years Programme, getting the children ready for their move to secondary school.
The majority of the teaching is in English completed by French language classes with visual arts taught in French.
Middle School
The Middle Years Programme (MYP) is taught encouraging students to make practical connections between their studies and the real world. Some subjects can be taken in French.
Secondary School
Children have the opportunity to choose between the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) and the International Baccalaureate Career-related programme (IBCP).
Language focus:
The campus’ language of instruction is English with a strong emphasis on developing students’ French to a high level.
As of year 7, like its sister campuses, all students are required to choose a 3rd language (Spanish or German) to complement the English and French which are compulsory.
Facilities:
The Early Years Centre has its own forest and sports field whilst at the primary and secondary site there is a multi-media centre, newly refurbished performing arts space, a large sports hall, all weather basket ball courts, music rooms, cafeteria and library.
Price range*:
From CHF 20,370 to CHF 35,300
Focus and particularities:
It is the only school in Geneva that offers the 4 international baccalaureate programmes (PYP, MYP, IBDP and IBCP).
It welcomes a wide variety of students from all over the world due to its location in the heart of the international quarter where the UN, US mission, ILO and WHO offices are housed.
Design plays an important role at this school with 4 teachers specializing in natural product design, electronics and computers, computer science and engineering, encouraging students to express their creativity in more than just artistic ways. It is a compulsory core subject for all students in year 7 to 11.
This campus is the only place in the world that offers the international PGCE (teacher training course) outside of the UK.
A dedicated pedagogical programme for children with moderate to severe learning difficulties is available.
Extra-curriculum activities:
Swimming, choir, ballet, an art club, karate, coding and football are available amongst other activities. Student also can take part in debating competitions and the Odyssey of the Mind programme.
How to get there:
- In the heart of the UN area, the two school locations are a stone’s throw away from each other and close to the bus network.
- Both sites also offer a school bus service that serves both sides of the lake.
- Additionally, those arriving by car can be easily dropped off outside the school.
Website address:
www.ecolint.ch/campus/campus-des-nations
I am so glad English speaking parents are getting more information about this confusing topic.
I get asked by parents so often “which is the best international school in Geneva?.” Sometimes this is frustrating because as I always say there is no such thing as the best school, but there is such a thing as the best school for your child. With almost 100 private schools and almost as many international schools it is often overwhelming for parents. We provide consultancy and usually answer all questions in under an hour, leaving parents with a shortlist of schools that are ideal for their child. I hope that articles like this and advice from experts like us at TutorsPlus, makes these decisions less painful for parents.
Thanks for the great article!
Thanks for the comment – it’s definitely a case of the best school for YOUR child . the problem is this info – even just the basics like programmes and languages are not readily available in an easy to compare format anywhere and as we all know many relocation agents – unlike Melanie from The Helpful Company – are pretty clueless or not interested. That’s what we’re hoping to do. Personal experience and advice from companies such asThe Helpful Company and Tutorplus is invaluable to further inform parents’ decisions.
I am so glad that you have found this article informative. I felt the same way which is why I wanted to show that some relocation agencies really do care and have the expertise to provide guidance and advice. At the helpful company we offer consultations to assist you with making the right choice for your child.
Thank you for sharing this important and useful information with all the parents. We have seen many of our European student’s parents looking for this type of detailed information here and there. This article can help them a lot in moving in the right direction